DES meaning in Academic & Science ?

The Dark Energy Survey (DES) is an astronomical survey designed to constrain the properties of dark energy. It uses images taken in the near-ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared to measure the expansion of the Universe using Type Ia supernovae, baryon acoustic oscillations, the number of galaxy clusters, and weak gravitational lensing. The collaboration is composed of research institutions and universities from the United States, Australia, Brazil, the United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, and Switzerland. The collaboration is divided into several scientific working groups. The director of DES is Josh Frieman.

The DES began by developing and building Dark Energy Camera (DECam), an instrument designed specifically for the survey. This camera has a wide field of view and high sensitivity, particularly in the red part of the visible spectrum and in the near infrared. Observations were performed with DECam mounted on the 4-meter Victor M. Blanco Telescope, located at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) in Chile. Observing sessions ran from 2013 to 2019; as of 2021 the DES collaboration has published results from the first three years of the survey.