grad meaning in Academic & Science ?

In trigonometry, the gradian, also known as the gon (from Ancient Greek: γωνία, romanized: gōnía, lit. 'angle'), grad, or grade, is a unit of measurement of an angle, defined as one hundredth of the right angle; in other words, there are 100 gradians in 90 degrees. It is equivalent to 1/400 of a turn, 9/10 of a degree, or π/200 of a radian. Measuring angles in gradians is said to employ the centesimal system of angular measurement.

In continental Europe, the French word centigrade was in use for one hundredth of a grad. This was one reason for the adoption of the term Celsius to replace centigrade as the name of the temperature scale.

Gradians are principally used in surveying (especially in Europe), and to a lesser extent in mining and geology.

As of May 2020, the gon is officially a legal unit of measurement in the European Union: 9 and in Switzerland.

The gradian is not part of the International System of Units (SI).: 9–10