COMPLEX levels: bits, bytes (CHARACTERS), fields, records, files, and DATABASES. Data are logically organized into: l Bits (characters): - a bit is the SMALLEST unit of data representation (0 or 1); l Byte: a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of 8 bits; l Field: a field consists of a grouping of characters; l Record: record consists of fields, with each field describing an attribute of the entity; l FILE: a group of related records; l Database: an integrated collection of logically related records or files.