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Course Queries Syllabus Queries 2 years ago
Posted on 16 Aug 2022, this text provides information on Syllabus Queries related to Course Queries. Please note that while accuracy is prioritized, the data presented might not be entirely correct or up-to-date. This information is offered for general knowledge and informational purposes only, and should not be considered as a substitute for professional advice.
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I'm not sure this question belongs here. It's clearly an open-ended question that probably does not have a canonical answer. I would like to ask you to help me restate this question in a better way if possible. I will understand if the question is closed or deleted, but I want to ask it because it has been bothering me for a very long time.
My knowledge of philosophy is probably only a bit greater than an average person's. I am a trained mathematician so I have the basic knowledge of mathematical logic. I know more or less what modal logic is, but I definitely don't know much about it. I find these interesting. I think I also understand what ethics, esthetics, epistemology and ontology are. I've read about most of the most important philosophers, but I've read little of them.
Now what I've read has put me off. A lot of it looked to me like statements made just because they'd appeared in the author's mind, and the author had found it necessary to spit them out without critical examination. It looked to me as if the philosophers I was reading had liked to state things without any attempt at proof and use words without any attempt at defintion. And often when there were attempts, they seemed to me to fail. I've seen the word "perfection" used in proofs of God's existence, and any child knows this word doesn't really mean much. It has meaning, but it is vague and clearly -- to me -- unfit for rigorous demonstration. And they would say things like "Existence is perfection." Why on Earth would they say that? What does it mean? How do you prove such a statement? Similar questions start filling my head whenever I read anything about ethics.
I've read a bit of medieval philosophers from France and England. It was some time ago, and I've lost the book since, so I can't recall the specifics, but I remember my impression. And it was disbelief mixed with horror. The arguments I saw there didn't make any sense to me at all.
As a mathematician, I understand and can appreciate axiomatic theories. I have no problem with someone making a statement without proof, as long as they don't assert that the statement is true. I can understand "Let's make a statement and see what follows from it, just for the hell of it."
So why should I be interested in reading more? Am I being too harsh or maybe completely wrong in my opinion about what I've read? If I am, what do I misunderstand? If I'm not, why is such silliness seriously considered and produced to this day?
Please understand that I don't mean to sound conceited. I know I know little about the matter, and I understand my opinions may be ill-informed. This is why I'm asking this question, not in order to give vent to my misguided anger.
Perhaps a better title for my question would be "How does a philosophical reasoning work?", but I know philosophy is too vast a subject for such a question to be answerable.
My background is in Computer Science, so when I started reading philosophy seriously, I had a similar reaction.
A lot (maybe most) of what I've read (that is not that much, I admit) from the great philosophers usually ends up falling into one or more of those kind of problems, specially the ones regarding logical rigorousness. But some philosophers like Hegel, Wittgenstein, Russel, etc did know a lot about logic.
So let me say how I think this can be handled (although it's not completely solved to me):
Assume they got something right. Even if it doesn't seem at first, the great philosophers are great for a reason. I'm not saying that you should value them just because they're called "great", but the fact that they are still read by very smart people is at least an indication that there is something of value in their writings. That also doesn't mean you need to read everything by everyone of them, but that you should strive to see what they got right (see below), because no single philosopher got everything right.
1.1. When you read something that bothers you as nonsense, "note down mentally" the criticism, but leave open the possibility that the writer has a point that you simply didn't see. It's very hard to criticize the whole of an author's work without knowing exactly what one is trying to convey, and it's very hard to know what that is without reading a lot from and about the person. Of course, that doesn't mean we shouldn't criticize, simply that we should be careful.
Keep in mind that knowledge (in the broad sense) is built on the shoulders of the previous thinkers. I'd take a risk and say that the smartest people today are probably smarter than the smartest people of before. But one of the reasons for that is the legacy the previous people left. So, at the very least their work should be valued for that. Then you have two options (not exclusive):
a. If your aim is to understand the history of ideas (or some idea), then you'll probably have to read everything. Understanding completely the ideas of a philosopher is very hard without knowing his context, the ideas he was sunk into and the ideas he was trying to fight. And that branches out very quickly.
b. If your aim is exposing yourself to new ideas, then you can be more selective. It is still very useful to know a philosopher's context and surrounding ideas, but you don't have to put up with every BS they sometimes say. No, you probably won't agree with Aristotle's view on "natural slaves", but you still can benefit from his ideas on ontology. In this case I see no problem in reading contemporary writings for the sake of quality density and efficiency.
I personally fit better in 2b. I'd love to read everything about every philosopher, but I have neither the motivation nor the time. So usually I prefer to read about previous philosophers by contemporary ones, and read from the originals when I think an idea is worth understanding better.
And remember, in philosophy even logic is open for debate, so you will find that sometimes what you have with some philosophers is a different set of premises, including the ones that do not value logic that much.
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