FRACTURE CAUSED by the impact of abrasive grain due to tool vibrating at high frequency (Amplified by tapered horn).SlurryTough and ductile (soft steel)The hard and brittle material, semiconductor, non-metals( eg. Glass and ceramic).Abrasive JET MachiningBrittle fracture by impinging abrasive grains at high speed.Air, CO2Abrasives (Al2O3, SiC),Nozzle (WC, sapphire)Hard and Brittle METAL and non-metallic material.Electric discharge machiningMelting and evaporation, aided by cavitation.Dielectric fluidCopper, brass, graphiteAll conducting metals and alloysElectrochemical machiningElectrolysis (Ion dissolution)Conducting electrolyteCopper, brass, steelAll conducting metals and alloysElectron beam machiningMelting and vapourisationvacuumA beam of an electron moving at high velocityAll material.Laser beam machiningMelting and vapourisationNormal atmosphereA high power laser beam (Ruby ROD)All material.