WASTE rock).Manganese (Mn), magnesium (MG), and calcium generally substitute in part for iron; siderite forms a complete solid-solution (chemical replacement) series with magnesite (MgCO3), another with rhodochrosite (MnCO3), and an incomplete one with ferroan calcite.LIMONITE:Limonite, one of the major iron minerals, hydrated ferric oxide (FeO(OH)·nH2O).It was originally considered one of a series of such oxides.The name limonite properly should be RESTRICTED to impure hydrated iron oxide (with variable water content) that is colloidal, or amorphous, in character.Often brown and earthy, it is formed by alteration of other iron minerals.It probably bears the same relationship to iron oxides that wad and gummite DUE to manganese and uranium oxides.Magnetite:Magnetite, also called lodestone, or magnetic iron ore, iron oxide mineral (FeFe3O4, or Fe3O4) that is the chief member of one of the series of the spinel group.Minerals in this series form black to brownish, metallic, moderately hard octahedrons and masses in igneous and metamorphic rocks and in granite pegmatites, stony meteorites, and high-temperature sulphide veins.The magnetite series also contains magnesioferrite (magnesium iron oxide, MgFe3O4), franklinite (zinc-iron oxide, ZnFe2O4), jacobsite (manganese iron oxide, MnFe2O4), and trevorite (nickel-iron oxide, NiFe2O4).