REFLECTED wave pairVt , It = transmitted (refracted) wave pair1.Incident wave:-Voltage and current wave TRAVELLING from sending end to receiving end of the transmission LION are know as “Incident wave”\(Incident\;current,\;{I_i} = \;\frac{{Incident\;voltage\;\left( {{V_i}} \right)}}{{Characteristic\;impedance\;\left( {{Z_c}} \right)}}\)2.Reflected wave:- Voltage and current wave travelling from receiving end to sending end of the transmission lion are know as “Reflected wave”\(\begin{array}{l} {\rm{Reflected}}\;current,\;{I_r} = \;\frac{{ - {\rm{Reflected\;}}voltage\;\left( {{V_r}} \right)}}{{Characteristic\;impedance\;\left( {{Z_c}} \right)}}\\ \end{array}\)REFLECTION Coefficient of the voltage \({{\rm{\Gamma }}_v} = \;\frac{{{V_r}}}{{{V_i}}} = \;\frac{{{Z_L} - {Z_C}}}{{{Z_L} + {Z_C}}}\)Reflection Coefficient of the current \({\Gamma_i} = \;\frac{{{I_r}}}{{{I_i}}} = \;\frac{{{Z_C} - {Z_L}}}{{{Z_C} + {Z_L}}}\)3.Transmitted ( Refracted) wave:- Voltage and current wave travelling through the LOAD are know as “Transmitted ( Refracted) wave”\({\rm{Transmitted}}\;current,\;{I_t} = \;\frac{{{\rm{Transmitted\;}}voltage\;\left( {{V_t}} \right)}}{{Load\;impedance\;\left( {{Z_L}} \right)}}\)\({V_t} = {V_i} + {V_{r\;}}\)\({I_t} = {I_i} + {I_{r\;}}\)Transmitted (Refracted) Coefficient of the voltage \({\rho _v} = \;\frac{{{V_t}}}{{{V_i}}} = \;\frac{{2{Z_L}}}{{{Z_L} + {Z_C}}}\)Transmitted (Refracted) Coefficient of the current \({\rho _i} = \;\frac{{{I_t}}}{{{I_i}}} = \;\frac{{2{Z_C}}}{{{Z_L} + {Z_C}}}\) Explanation:The coefficient of reflection of current wave, \({{\rm{\Gamma }}_{\rm{i}}} = \frac{{{{\rm{Z}}_{\rm{C}}} - {{\rm{Z}}_{\rm{L}}}}}{{{{\rm{Z}}_{\rm{C}}} + {{\rm{Z}}_{\rm{L}}}}}\)for short circuited (figure 1) \({{\rm{Z}}_{\rm{L}}} = 0\) and short circuited, Incident current = Reflected current.we have,\({{\rm{\Gamma }}_{\rm{i}}} = \frac{{{{\rm{Z}}_{\rm{C}}} - {{\rm{0}}{\rm{}}}}}{{{{\rm{Z}}_{\rm{C}}} + {{\rm{0}}_{\rm{}}}}} = 1\)∴ Current reflection coefficient, \({{\rm{\Gamma }}_{\rm{I}}} = 1\) CoefficientsReceiving end load (ZL)Receiving end open circuitedReceiving end short circuitedReflection Coefficient of the voltage \({{\rm{\Gamma }}_v}\)\( \;\frac{{{Z_L} - {Z_C}}}{{{Z_L} + {Z_C}}}\)+1-1Transmitted (Refracted) Coefficient of the voltage \({\rho _v}\)\(\;\frac{{2{Z_L}}}{{{Z_L} + {Z_C}}}\)+20Reflection Coefficient of the current \({{\rm{\Gamma }}_i}\)\( \;\frac{{{Z_C} - {Z_L}}}{{{Z_C} + {Z_L}}}\)-1+1Transmitted (Refracted) Coefficient of the current \({\rho _i}\)\(\;\frac{{2{Z_C}}}{{{Z_L} + {Z_C}}}\)0+2