TURBINE:Velocity of JET: at inlet \({V_1} = {C_V}\sqrt {2gH} \) where Cv = coefficient of velocity = 0.98-0.99The velocity of wheel: \(u = \emptyset \sqrt {2gH} \) where φ is the speed ratio = 0.43-0.48The angle of deflection: is 165° unless mentioned.Pitch or MEAN diameter: D can be expressed by \(u = \frac{{\pi DN}}{{60}}\)Jet ratio: \(m = \frac{D}{d}\) (12 in most cases/calculate), d = nozzle diameter or jet diameterNumber of buckets on a runner: \(Z = 15 + \frac{D}{{2D}}\) (Tygun formula) or, \(Z = 5.4\sqrt m\), m = 6 to 35Number of Jets: obtained by dividing the total rate of flow through the turbine by the rate of flow through single jet. The number of jets is not more than two for horizontal shaft turbines and is limited to six for vertical shaft turbines.Size of bucket: length of bucket L = 2.5d, width of bucket B = 5d, depth of bucket Db = 0.8d