Short note on blood revolution

tion:the events in Britain in 1688 when the Roman Catholic James II was removed as king and replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband William III (William of Orange). These events are also called the glorious Revolution because constitutional monarchy was introduced at the same time. ...The Glorious Revolution of November 1688 (Irish: An Réabhlóid Ghlórmhar; Scottish Gaelic: Rèabhlaid Ghlòrmhor; Welsh: Chwyldro Gogoneddus), or Revolution of 1688, covers events leading to the deposition of James II and VII, and replacement by his daughter Mary II, and her Dutch husband, William III of Orange. While the Revolution was quick and relatively bloodless, establishing the new regime took much longer and led to significant casualties.[1] The term was first used by John Hampden in late 1689.[2]Despite his Catholicism, James became king in February 1685 with widespread support as many feared his exclusion would lead to a repetition of the 1638–1651 Wars of the Three Kingdoms.[3] It was also seen as a short-term issue, since James was 52, his second marriage remained childless after 11 years, and his Protestant daughter Mary was heir presumptive. When his son James Francis Edward was born on 10 June 1688, he replaced Mary as heir under the principle of male primogeniture, creating the prospect of a Catholic dynasty.[4]Added to this was the political instability caused by James suspending the Scottish and English Parliaments and ruling by personal decree.[5] The birth of a Catholic heir coincided with the prosecution of the Seven Bishops, one in a series of perceived assaults on the Church of England. Their acquittal on 30 June sparked public celebrations throughout England and Scotland, which turned into widespread anti-Catholic riots and destroyed James's political authority.At the same time, Louis XIV of France was preparing to launch the Nine Years War, targeting the Dutch Republic, of which stadholder William was the DE facto ruler. Concerned at the prospect of English resources being used against him, in April William explored the option of military intervention to 'secure' his wife's succession. Initially reluctant to support such a move, the June events convinced a broad COALITION of English politicians to formally invite him to do so.On 5 November, William landed in Torbay with 14,000 men; as he advanced on London, the bulk of the 30,000 strong Royal Army DESERTED and James went into exile on 23 December.[6] A Convention Parliament met in April 1689, making William and Mary joint monarchs of England; a separate but similar Scottish settlement was made in June.[7]The Revolution was followed by pro-Stuart revolts in Scotland and Ireland, while Jacobitism persisted into the late 18th century. However, it ended a century of political dispute by confirming the primacy of Parliament over the Crown, a principle established in the Bill of Rights 1689.[8] Restrictions on Catholics contained in the 1678 and 1681 English and Scottish Test Acts remained in force until 1828; religious prohibitions on the monarch's choice of spouse were not removed until 2015, while restrictions on the monarch personally remain in place today.