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Extinction Rebellion (abbreviated as XR) is a global environmental movement with the stated aim of using nonviolent civil disobedience to compel government action to avoid tipping points in the climate system, biodiversity loss, and the risk of social and ecological collapse.

Extinction Rebellion was established in the United Kingdom May 2018 by Gail Bradbrook, Simon Bramwell and Roger Hallam, along with 8 other co-founders from the campaign group Rising Up!

Its first major action was to occupy the London Greenpeace offices on 17th October 2018, which was followed by the public launch at the "Declaration of Rebellion" on 31st October 2018 outside the UK Parliament. Earlier that month, about one hundred academics signed a call to action in their support. In November 2018, five bridges across the River Thames in London were blockaded as a protest. In April 2019, Extinction Rebellion occupied five prominent sites in central London: Piccadilly Circus, Oxford Circus, Marble Arch, Waterloo Bridge, and the area around Parliament Square. In August 2021, the Impossible Rebellion targeted London.

Citing inspiration from grassroots movements such as Occupy, the suffragettes, and the civil rights movement, Extinction Rebellion aims to instill a sense of urgency for preventing further "climate breakdown" and the ongoing sixth mass extinction. A number of activists in the movement accept arrest and imprisonment, similar to the mass arrest tactics of the Committee of 100 in 1961.

The movement uses a stylised, circled hourglass, known as the extinction symbol, to serve as a warning that time is rapidly running out for many species.

The Extinction Rebellion has been criticised as "environmental fanatics" who plan to ruin thousands of holidays and risk alienating thousands of potential supporters. Its 2019 protests cost the Metropolitan police an extra £7.5m. It has also defended causing criminal damage, such as smashing windows. It says such tactics are sometimes necessary and that it is careful not to put anyone at risk. In a YouGov poll of 3482 British adults conducted on 15 October 2019, 54% opposed Extinction Rebellion's actions of disrupting roads and public transport to "shut down London" in order to bring attention to their cause, while 36% "strongly supported" or "somewhat supported" these actions.