CONCEPT:Moving observer method:Moving CAR or moving observer method of traffic stream measurement has been developed to provide simultaneous measurement of traffic stream variables. It has the advantage of obtaining the complete state with just three observers and a vehicle.The MEAN speed by moving the observer method is given as follows\({{\rm{V}}_{\rm{s}}} = \frac{{\rm{L}}}{{{{\rm{t}}_{\rm{w}}} - \frac{{{{\rm{m}}_{\rm{w}}}}}{{\rm{q}}}}}\)tw = Observation time when the observer is moving with the streammw = Net vehicles overtake the observer when it is moving with the streamq = Flow density when the observer is at rest in vehicles/minCalculation:Total time taken by the student to reach home = 40 minStudent’s stop time = 15 min∴ tw = 40 – 15 = 25 min = 0.416 hrL = 5 km\({\rm{q}} = \frac{{45{\rm{\;vehicles}}}}{{15{\rm{\;min}}}} = 3\frac{{{\rm{veh}}}}{{{\rm{MINUTE}}}} = 180{\rm{\;veh}}/{\rm{hr}}\)mw = 60 vehicles\({{\rm{V}}_{\rm{s}}} = \frac{{\rm{L}}}{{{{\rm{t}}_{\rm{w}}} - \frac{{{{\rm{m}}_{\rm{w}}}}}{{\rm{q}}}}}\)\({{\rm{V}}_{\rm{s}}} = \frac{5}{{0.416 - \frac{{60}}{{180}}}} = 60.48{\rm{\;km}}/{\rm{hr}}\)Hence the speed of vehicle stream = 60 km/hr