A coal-based iron and steel centre is located in

Coking coal is a key raw material in steel production. As iron occurs only as iron oxides in the earth's crust, the ores must be converted, or 'reduced', using carbon. The primary source of this carbon is coking coal. Coke reduces iron ORE to molten iron saturated with carbon, called hot metal.The Ruhr was an important industrial region of Germany close to the border with France and also home to many coalfields which were vital to Germany's industrial production and, therefore, its ability to pay reparations. Germany would sometimes pay reparations “in-kind”, in the form of coal and goods."Ruhr": "a river of Germany, an important right-bank tributary of the lower Rhine"The Ruhr coalfield (extending west of the Rhine and north of the LIPPE) is one of the world's largest, producing the bulk of Germany's bituminous coal.The Ruhr Valley is important to Germany's economy for its quality farmland and its natural resources of coal and ironThe Ruhr Area (German: Ruhrgebiet) is an urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.Many of the cities in the Ruhrgebiet USED to have a lot of heavy industry.The Ruhr Area is bordered by the rivers Ruhr River to the south, Rhine River to the west, and Lippe to the north, and Southwest borders the Bergisches Land.Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.Ukraine: a country in Europe that is famous for agricultural production.Cleveland: it is known as 'The forest city' and famous for the iron industrySalem: It is SITUATED in the state of Tamil Nadu and Salem is a city best known for Salem Steel Plant.