LYING between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole in the Northern Hemisphere and the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole in the Southern Hemisphere.They are very cold and located between 66.5° N - 66.5° S of the equator. It is because here the sun does not rise much above the horizon. Therefore, its rays are ALWAYS slanting and provide less heat.Tonga ISLANDS: Tonga Islands is in the Pacific OCEAN, situated on the 20° S latitude.Mauritius Islands in the Indian Ocean are situated on the same latitude. An imaginary line running on the globe divides it into two equal parts is known as the equator(at 0º latitude).Latitude is a measurement on a globe of location north or south of the Equator. All PARALLEL circles from the equator up to the poles are called parallels of latitudes.Longitude is the measurement east or west of the prime meridian.Longitude is measured by imaginary lines that run around the Earth vertically (up and down) and meet at the North and South Poles. These lines are known as meridians.Important Parallels of Latitudes:Tropic of Cancer (23° N) in the Northern Hemisphere.Tropic of Capricorn (23° S) in the Southern Hemisphere.Arctic Circle at 66.5° north of the equator.Antarctic Circle at 66.5° south of the equator.