How to handle interview questions about job on which I was unfairly terminated?

I feel there are two parts of what you are asking:

In interviewing for another job, am I obligated to mention this when asked why I left?

First, this should be mentioned if they ask why you left, which is not 100% sure to happen.

If they ask, you should answer truthfully, but you are not obliged to give a big explanation or justification. Saying that the project ended and you were terminated is part of the truth; it's up to you how much more detail you put into it, but I suggest you try to keep it brief.

Just, whatever you say, try not to phrase it as "I was scapegoated" or similar, as that could be perceived as badmouthing or victimizing yourself to evoke a response or bias their decision.

Yet if they check with that supervisor, he can say I'm not re-hireable. How can I handle this so I'm not victimized by my previous employer's actions?

You can't handle or control what your previous employer will say.

I feel like you are being a bit negative on this one; there is no guarantee that your past employer will say that, and given your good performance and bonuses we can see there are many positive things you did on that last job that are worthy of being mentioned.

What you can do is to mention the award you got for outstanding performance on your resume (if you got space to spare), or also during interviews when they ask about your previous job. This will make evident the fact that you were a valuable member on that job despite being terminated.